CCB position on gas leaks from Nord Stream 1 and 2

CCB • September 30, 2022

The gas leak at Nord Stream 2 seen from the Danish F-16 interceptor on Bornholm. Photo: Danish Defence

Coalition Clean Baltic expresses serious concerns regarding factual massive release of greenhouse gas and other possible environmental consequences of the natural gas leakages that were detected by Danish and Swedish authorities from the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines on 27-28 September 2022.


With the information available at this point and risk assessment from EIA Reports of both pipelines, presented under the Espoo Convention consultations, the full volume of gas, being contained in the damaged pipelines may be released into marine environment and atmosphere.


In the worst case scenario, given pipeline dimensions in the project description (internal diameter 1,153 mm, length 1,220 km) the volume of one pipeline can be calculated as 1.27 million m3. At the settle out pressure of 165 bar, there will be the equivalent of 210 million m3 (at atmospheric pressure) or around 148,000 tons of gas in one enclosed pipeline. According to the EIA, the consequent environmental impacts can occur following the release of gas:


  • Emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere:
    Methane, equivalent to the release of 3.7 million tons of CO2 in terms of climate change potential
  • Impacts on water quality:
    Natural gas exhibits negligible solubility in water, and thus has little effect on water quality in the event of an underwater leak. The gas will rise to the water surface, from where it will be released into the atmosphere; the extent to which it dissipates depends on meteorological conditions and the weight of the gas in relation to the surrounding air. A short thermal impact (temperature drop to negative value caused by gas expansion, or Joule Thomson effect) may occur in the surrounding water. Another possible impact on water quality from an accidental pipeline rupture and gas release is a possible updraft of bottom water. This could cause bottom water to be mixed with surface water, with an impact on salinity, temperature and oxygen conditions.
  • Impacts on fish, marine mammals and birds:
    All marine organisms (benthic fauna, fish, marine mammals and birds) within the gas plume or the subsequent gas cloud will die or flee from the influenced area, which subsequently could impact the designation basis of protected areas (including Natura 2000 sites). The impact will be of limited time and space. 

Besides the expert assessment of higher than estimated in EIA climate impacts (up to 14.3 million tons of CO2-equivalent over a 100-year timeframe), the identified leaks are located in or near the only cod spawning area we have in the Eastern Baltic Sea. Hence the event can cause considerable harm/mortality to the young fish recently born in the area, as well as physical and physiological damage (incl. gas bubble disease), spatial disturbance, etc. To monitor the environmental consequences of this unprecedented situation, all EU Member States being HELCOM Contracting Parties in the area should swiftly deploy instruments to measure the status in relation to e.g. salinity, oxygen and pH. Such equipment could be placed around the perimeter of the incident areas to measure if methane leak has further away effects.

Model prepared by Sabine Eckhardt, NILU.

We also herewith inquire that a transparent information process should be established by respective EU Member States being HELCOM Contracting Parties to keep the public aware of environmental impacts of the accident and their implications for future environmental efforts as well as their consequences on climate and health of the Baltic Sea. Respective HELCOM subsidiary bodies, i.e. STATE & CONSERVATION, RESPONSE and PRESSURE should be involved.


NOTES

- Full letter sent to HELCOM on 29 September 2022

- Media release: ICOS measurements show huge methane peaks in the atmosphere after Nord Stream leak (30 September 2022)

- Danish Energystyrelsen PR (28 September 2022)

- Reuters' article (26 September 2022)

- CCB Save Kurgalskiy campaign: https://www.ccb.se/save-kurgalskiy

- Espoo Report on Nord Stream 2 ( April 2017)

- Environmental Study: Pipeline System on the Swedish Continental Shelf Nord Stream AG – (October 2008)


By CCB August 20, 2026
It is with great sadness that the Coalition Clean Baltic shares the news of the passing of Petro Hrytsyshyn, a long-standing colleague, environmentalist and true friend of the CCB family. The hospitality and warmth with which he embraced each and every one of us in Lviv will always be an example of genuine and close relation and lasting, professional friendship. For many years, Petro was Director of the Western Centre of the Ukrainian Branch of the International Centre for Scientific Culture – World Laboratory, one of CCB’s oldest member organisations in Ukraine. But it is the role he played in our family of environmental NGOs in the Baltic Sea Region that we will remember him for. Petro was one of the people who helped build, connect and sustain the international environmental community of which CCB is a part. For decades, he worked across borders and disciplines, bringing together scientific knowledge, environmental organisations, local communities and international partners around a shared belief that environmental challenges can be met through cooperation, practical solutions and persistence. Within CCB, Petro was a familiar and valued presence at conferences, seminars and joint activities over many years, representing Ukraine and the Western Centre while also contributing his own knowledge and experience to the wider Baltic Sea community. He hosted numerous CCB activities in Lviv and shared his expertise on the issues closest to him: water protection, sustainable sanitation, ecological safety and sustainable agriculture. He also represented the Western Centre in international environmental processes, contributing to discussions on environmental protection, water management and sustainable development. What made Petro's contribution especially important was that he understood environmental protection not only as a matter of policy or science, but as something that had to work in practice, on the ground. His work on ecological sanitation and wastewater management, for example, sought practical ways of reducing pollution and protecting water resources in rural areas of Ukraine. He continued this work into recent years. In 2023, Petro was among the experts contributing to CCB's analysis of the Greatest Water Management Challenges in the Baltic Sea Region, bringing the Ukrainian perspective into a broader regional assessment. More recently, he contributed to the Green Recovery Plan for the Ukrainian part of the Vistula River Basin, including the Western Bug and Syan sub-basins – work that reflected the qualities of his whole career: international cooperation, practical environmental knowledge and a commitment to the future of Ukraine's rivers and communities. For those of us who worked with him, however, his legacy is not only projects, publications and meetings. In a network such as CCB, people are the foundation of cooperation, and Petro was one of those people who kept the connections alive through changing political circumstances, new environmental challenges and difficult times that Ukraine faces as a result of Russia’s unprecedented war of aggression. He represented a generation of environmental professionals and civil society activists who understood that lasting environmental progress depends on solidarity, openness and the willingness to work together across borders. His long commitment to cooperation between Ukrainian and European environmental organisations was an important part of that legacy. CCB is grateful for the many years of cooperation with Petro, for his knowledge and commitment, for his hospitality and friendship, and for the bridges he helped build between people and organisations working for a healthier environment. Our thoughts are with his family, friends, colleagues and all those who had the privilege of knowing and working with him. Petro Hrytsyshyn 1951–2026 May the memory of Petro Mykhaylovych remain with all of us who continue the work to which he devoted so much of his life.
By CCB July 14, 2026
We support the Ocean Act objectives for improving coherence, coordination and effectiveness of EU ocean governance. However, we emphasize that the Act must deliver truly ecosystem-based management and that reaching Good Environmental Status (GES), as defined in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), should be established as a cornerstone of the Act.